引用：Traini, E., Carotenuto, A., Fasanaro, A. M. et al. Volume analysis of brain cognitive areas in Alzheimer's disease: Interim 3-year results from the ASCOMALVA trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):317-329.

引 用 ： Barbagallo Sangiorgi, G., Barbagallo, M., Giordano, M. et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 30;717:253-269.

引用：Sagaro GG, Amenta F. Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Stroke Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2023 Apr 14;12(8):2875.

引用：Jeon, J., Lee, S.Y., Lee, S. et al. Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024；24:774

引用：Di Perri, R., Coppola, G., Ambrosio, L. A. et al. A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res.

随着胆碱能系统参与老年记忆功能障碍的相关假说不断发展，早期治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）主要采用胆碱能前体负荷疗法。虽然早期结果令人鼓舞，但严格控制的临床试验并未证实胆碱及卵磷脂等胆碱能前体对 AD 的临床治疗价值。

引 用 ： Parnetti, L., Abate, G., Bartorelli, L. et al. Multicentre study of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. Drugs Aging. 1993 Mar-Apr;3(2):159-164.

引用：Lee W, Kim M. Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jun 14;103(24):e38067.

引用：Amenta, F., Carotenuto, A., Fasanaro, A. M. et al. The ASCOMALVA (Association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer’s disease) trial: Interim results after two years of treatment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(2):555-566.

引用： Amenta, F., Carotenuto, A., Fasanaro, A. M. et al. The ASCOMALVA trial: Association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer’s disease with cerebrovascular injury: Interim results. J Neurol Sci. 2012;322(1-2):96-101.